(P061) INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES AND RISKS OF GENITOURINARY CANCERS: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Introduction:
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are chronic conditions marked by gastrointestinal inflammation. These diseases are associated with a heightened risk of various complications, including certain cancers—both intestinal and extra-intestinal. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis of recent literature to assess whether IBD increases the risk of genitourinary cancers.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed from inception to October 2024, supplemented by a manual search to identify population-based studies exploring the association between IBD and genitourinary cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. Two reviewers independently applied predefined inclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was utilized to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software, using the random-effects model and the generic inverse variance method to calculate the pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and I2 statistics.

Results:
Out of 960 reviewed studies, 20 met the inclusion criteria for the final meta-analysis. Our findings indicate that IBD is nearing statistical significance in its association with an increased risk of prostate cancer (RR 1.32, 95% CI 0.99-1.78) and renal cell carcinoma (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.00-2.49). Subgroup analyses revealed a statistically significant association between UC and an increased risk of prostate cancer (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.42) as well as renal cell carcinoma (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.17-1.86). Additionally, CD demonstrated a borderline association with prostate cancer (RR 1.09, CI 0.97-1.22) and bladder cancer (RR 1.38, CI 0.98-1.96).

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis, based on a substantial sample size, indicates that patients with UC face a significantly higher risk of developing prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Meanwhile, CD seemed to be correlated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and bladder cancer. Overall, IBD appeared to be associated with a heightened risk of prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma. The association with prostate cancer was close to being present in both subgroup analyses and overall IBD, while that of renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer was almost present in either UC or CD. These findings warrant further investigation into potential mechanisms, including the roles of chronic inflammation and genetic predisposition. Future studies are essential to determine the necessity for enhanced genitourinary cancer screening among IBD patients.